CODEX 6.2
Please make your selection from the above CODEX menu options for Episode 6.2
KEY-TEXT A
Dīdō et Aenēās
ōlim Dīdō, rēgīna Carthāginis, Aenēae et nautīs eius hospitālitātem offerēbat. Dīdō Aenēam amāre incēpit: Venus enim cōnsilium cēpit, et Cupīdō rēgīnam sagittā suā vulnerāvit. itaque Dīdō diē noctūque dē Aenēā cōgitābat.
Jūnō quoque, rēgīna deōrum, cōnsilium cēpit. Aenēam in Āfricā tenēre cupiēbat, quod Carthāginem amābat et dē Ītaliā timēbat.
posterō diē rēgīna Dīdō et pius Aenēās cum multīs comitibus ad vēnātiōnem contendērunt. Aenēās vēnātiōnem valdē amābat: diū enim in nāve fuit, et diū animal ferōx nōn vīderat. canēs per silvās currēbant, et equī in montibus stābant.
dum Dīdō et Aenēās vēnantur, caelum subitō ātrum fīēbat, et imber incēpit cadere. fulmina fulgēbant, et tonitrūs sonābant. comitēs perterritī fūgērunt. Dīdō autem et Aenēās ad eandem spēluncam cucurrērunt.
extrā spēluncam ventus ululābat, et Nymphae in montibus ululābant, et fulmina, sīcut facēs, fulgēbant. in spēluncā rēgīna, ab amōre capta, Aenēam spectāvit et sēcum cōgitāvit: "ille hērōs marītus meus est." Dīdō illum diem prīmum diem mātrimōniī vocābat.
sed Fāma, mōnstrum horribile, per urbēs Āfricae statim volāvit, et verba mala dē rēgīnā et dē hospite Trōiānō narrāvit.
Visual Walkthrough
<div class="lapis-walkthrough" data-src="/media/walkthrough/data/L062AWT.json"></div>
KEY-TEXT B
Aenēās et Latīnus
Aenēās Cūmās ā rēgnō Plūtōnis rediit et tum iter ad Latium fēcit. Aenēās per flūmen Tiberim nāvigābat et multōs montēs spectābat. in Latiō Latīnī habitābant. rēx Latīnus Latīnōs regēbat. dē nāve Aenēās exiit et ad rēgem Latīnum vēnit. rēx Latīnus laetus Aenēam salūtāvit.
"salvē," inquit Latīnus, "unde tū vēnistī? esne ex aliā terrā?"
Aenēās respondit, "ita; mihi nōmen est Aenēās. vēnī ex Trōiā quod Graecī urbem meam oppugnābant. uxor mea, Creūsa, in urbe periit et pater meus, Anchīsēs, in itinere periit. sōlum fīlius, Ascanius, et paucī comitēs vīvunt. necesse est nōbīs habēre parvam terram quod dēbēmus novam urbem condere."
Latīnus haec verba audīvit et erat valdē laetus. ōlim ōrāculum eī dīxerat, "posteā aliēnus, quī in Trōiā habitābat, ad Latium veniet. dēbēs fīliam tuam, Lavīniam, eī uxōrem dare." Latīnus anteā Lavīniam virō fortī, Turnō, dare voluit. Turnus erat rēx Rutulōrum et prope Latīnōs habitābat. Turnus erat hērōs fortior quam Achillēs! Latīnus nunc Lavīniam Aenēae dare voluit.
Latīnus magnā vōce dīxit, "Aenēās, tū es hērōs maximus. volō Lavīniam tibi dare quod erit uxor optima! ita, volō quoque tibi terram prope Latium dare et licet tibi novam urbem condere."
Aenēās erat laetus quod iter Trōiānōrum nunc fīnem habēbat. Iūnō tamen nōn erat laeta. spectābat Latīnum et Aenēam et tum Ālectō vocāvit. Ālectō erat Furia, dea īrae. Ālectō ad Amātam, uxōrem rēgis Latīnī, vēnit et Amāta Aenēam nōn iam amābat. Ālectō tum ad Turnum vēnit et eī dē Aenēā Lavīniāque dīxit. Turnus nunc erat īrātissimus! Ālectō Turnum et Rutulōs bellum gerere iussit.
Turnus mīlitēs suōs vocāvit et dīxit, "Aenēās, barbarus, uxōrem meam cēpit! necesse est nōbīs Aenēam necāre!" Rutulī laetī erant. Rutulī ad bellum īre volēbant. Rutulī Latīnum vincere volēbant.
Ascanius tum in silvā erat. spectāvit cervam, animal silvae, et cervam interfēcit. eheu! cerva erat sacra rēgī Latīnō. Latīnī virī cervam mortuam vīdērunt et erant ānxiī.
Latīnī tum ad rēgem Latīnum cucurrērunt quod cum Aenēā bellum gerere volēbant. rēx Latīnus nōlēbat bellum gerere et in cubiculum suum iit.
Amāta, uxor Latīnī, volēbat bellum gerere. Amāta Latīnōs mīlitēs arma capere iussit. Latīnī mīlitēs laetī arma sua cēpērunt et celeriter ad agrōs cucurrērunt. Latīnī bellum amābant!
Turnus, Rutulī, Latīnī et multī Ītalī cum Trōiānīs bellum gerere advēnērunt. Turnus Aenēam interficere et Lavīniam recipere volēbat.
Visual Walkthrough
<div class="lapis-walkthrough" data-src="/media/walkthrough/data/L062BWT.json"> </div>
Informational Text A
Carthāgō
Carthāgō erat urbs magna et potēns in Āfricā, prope mare. hominēs ex Phoenīcē vēnērunt et urbem condidērunt. Phoenīcē erat terra in Asiā prope mare. hī hominēs, quī "Poenī" vocābantur, erant mercātōrēs. Poenī linguam suam et litterās suās habēbant, et bene nāvigāre poterant. Poenī Carthāginem ante Rōmam condidērunt. fābula dīcit: rēgīna Dīdō ex Asiā fūgit et prīma urbem condidit.
Carthāgō rēgem nōn habēbat: duo virī, quī "sūfetēs" vocābantur, urbem regēbant. Poenī deōs suōs amābant et eīs dōna dabant: deus Baal et dea Tanit erant maximī deī urbis.
Carthāgō duōs portūs bonōs habēbat: alter portus erat mercātōribus, alter nāvibus bellī. in mediō portū nāvium bellī erat īnsula parva; ibi dux omnēs nāvēs vidēre poterat. nāvēs Carthāginis per tōtum mare nāvigābant: ad Hispāniam, ad Ītaliam, ad multās īnsulās, etiam ad terrās procul. Poenī multās rēs vendēbant: argentum, colōrem purpureum, et multa alia. itaque urbs erat dīves et potēns.
terra circum Carthāginem quoque erat bona. hominēs agrōs bene colēbant et multum frūmentum habēbant. Carthāgō multās terrās tenēbat: magnam partem Āfricae, īnsulās maris, et partem Hispāniae. Rōma quoque potēns erat, et duae urbēs dē imperiō maris pugnāvērunt. post tria bella magna Rōmānī urbem dēlēvērunt annō 608 AUC (146 BCE). sed posteā Rōmānī novam urbem in eōdem locō fēcērunt, et nova Carthāgō erat ūna ex maximīs urbibus imperiī Rōmānī.
Informational Text B
Dīdō et orīgō Carthāginis
Dīdō erat rēgīna quae urbem Carthāginem condidit. Rōmānī multās fābulās dē eā nārrābant.
Dīdō in Asiā nāta est, in urbe quae Tyrus vocātur. Tyrus erat urbs magna et dīves in lītore maris. hominēs Tyrī nāvēs bonās habēbant et per mare ad multās terrās ībant. prīmum nōmen rēgīnae nōn Dīdō sed Elissa erat; posteā poētae eam Dīdōnem appellābant.
pater Elissae rēx Tyrī erat. ubi pater mortuus est, frāter Elissae rēx factus est. huic frātrī nōmen Pygmaliōn erat. Pygmaliōn iuvenis erat, sed aurum semper cupiēbat.
Elissa marītum habēbat, cui nōmen Sychaeus erat. Sychaeus sacerdōs erat et multum aurum in domō suā servābat. Pygmaliōn hoc aurum cupiēbat. igitur Sychaeum ad āram vocāvit et ibi eum occīdit. deinde sorōrī suae vēra nōn dīxit.
sed nocte umbra Sychaeī ad Elissam in somnō vēnit. Elissa vulnera umbrae vīdit et omnia audīvit. deinde umbra dīxit: "frāter tuus mē occīdit. tē quoque occīdere cupit. fuge, Elissa! nāvēs parā et ex hāc terrā discēde."
Elissa igitur multōs cīvēs vocāvit quī Pygmaliōnem timēbant. aurum Sychaeī in nāvēs posuērunt et nocte ex urbe fūgērunt. diū per mare ībant. tandem ad Āfricam vēnērunt.
hominēs quī in eā terrā erant terram suam dare nōlēbant. prīnceps eōrum Elissae dīxit: "tibi tantum terrae dabō quantum tergum ūnīus bovis tegere potest."
Elissa autem cōnsilium bonum habēbat. tergum bovis in multās partēs longās et parvās dīvīsit. hae partēs simul longissimae erant. Elissa eās in terrā posuit, et sīc nōn parvum sed magnum locum accēpit. in eō locō urbem novam condidit. arx urbis "Byrsa" vocābātur, quod hoc verbum in linguā Graecōrum "tergum bovis" est.
Carthāgō deinde urbs maxima et clārissima facta est.
post multōs annōs, ut poētae Rōmānī nārrābant, Aenēās Trōiānus ad Carthāginem vēnit et deinde discessit. Dīdō, trīstis et īrāta, ante mortem suam deōs vocāvit et dīxit: "populus meus et populus Aenēae numquam amīcī erunt. semper bellum inter nōs erit." sīc Rōmānī initium longōrum bellōrum inter Carthāginem et Rōmam in verbīs rēgīnae mortuae invenīre volēbant.
GRAMMATICA
The imperfect, completed
Operative, you have been reading the imperfect since Mission 3, and in Mission 4 you learned what it is for: the past that was still going on, the past that happened again and again, the past with no clean end. Until now you have only had the third person, he/she/it was doing and they were doing. This episode's immersion puts the whole set in front of you at once. Jūnō accuses Venus of a mistake made over years: Aenēās errābat, et tū, Venus, errābās. Caecilius asks what your team had been up to for weeks: quid quaerēbātis in Pompēiīs? Sextus says of the wax tablet that always used to work: cēra semper labōrābat. The Demiurge judges it time to complete the table.
The endings
| Singular | Plural | |||
| 1st person (ego, nōs) | labōrābam | I was working | labōrābāmus | we were working |
| 2nd person (tū, vōs) | labōrābās | you were working | labōrābātis | you all were working |
| 3rd person | labōrābat | s/he was working | labōrābant | they were working |
Two things to notice, and then you have it.
First, the -bā- is still the only signal that matters. Strip it out and the endings are the ones you already know from the present tense: -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt. The single exception is the first person singular, where present -ō becomes imperfect -m: labōrō (I work) but labōrābam (I was working). Learn that one swap and the imperfect costs you nothing new.
Second, listen to the vowel. The ā is long in -bās, -bāmus, -bātis and short in -bam, -bat, -bant. It will not change a meaning on you, but reading it correctly is part of hearing the tense.
eram: the imperfect of sum
sum is irregular in the present and irregular in the imperfect, but it is irregular in a friendly way: it takes the same personal endings, just without a -bā- to hang them on. You have known erat and erant since Mission 3. Here is the rest.
| Singular | Plural | |||
| 1st person (ego, nōs) | eram | I was | erāmus | we were |
| 2nd person (tū, vōs) | erās | you were | erātis | you all were |
| 3rd person | erat | s/he was | erant | they were |
On the ship out of Carthage a sailor uses the plural to sum up a grievance that lasted the whole visit: Carthāginēnsēs nōn benīgnī erant, "the Carthaginians were not kind." He does not mean they were unkind at one moment. He means the whole time they were there.
Reading the tense, not just the ending
Now that you have every person, the imperfect will start doing work you can feel. Watch what Caecilius does with it in 6.1: Sinistrus iam mihi dīcēbat omnia, "Sinistrus was telling me everything." Not dīxit, "he told me." The imperfect leaves the telling open, ongoing, unfinished, and Caecilius means it as proof of intimacy: Sinistrus and I have been talking. You know something Caecilius does not about how that conversation went. Same tense, two very different readings, and the ending is what let you in.
Operatives are reminded that it may be helpful to view this video briefing courtesy of latintutorial.com.
VERBA
| Latin | English | Part of Speech |
| alter | the other (of two) | adjective |
| caelum | sky, heaven | noun |
| fātum | fate, destiny | noun |
| iubet | she/he orders | verb |
| sine | without | preposition |
CULTURALIA
A meeting that could not have happened
Operative, this episode's readings put Aenēās in Carthage, at the court of queen Dīdō. There is a problem with that: Troy fell around 1184 BCE, and Carthage was founded in 814 BCE. Aenēās and Dīdō are separated by roughly three and a half centuries, and every educated Roman who read the Aeneid knew it.
Vergil was not confused. He was doing something Romans did openly: reaching back into legend to explain a fact of the present. Rome and Carthage had spent more than a hundred years trying to destroy each other, and Romans wanted a reason that felt older than trade routes. Vergil gave them one: the hatred was planted at the very beginning, by a wronged queen. When you meet Dīdō's dying curse in Informational Text B, that is what you are looking at: a legend built to explain a war, told so well that people repeated it for two thousand years.
imperium sine fīne
In the immersion, two goddesses argue over the city. Their quarrel comes straight from the poem's opening: of all cities on earth, Jūnō loved Carthage most, and she knew what was fated to rise in Italy instead. Against her stands a promise Juppiter makes early in the poem: Rome will have imperium sine fīne, "empire without end."
That phrase did a great deal of work for Rome. It turned conquest into obedience to the gods: every new province was fate being kept, not land being taken. And it made Rome's enemies into people arguing with fate. Notice that Jūnō's request is reasonable on its face: let Carthage be the new Troy, let the boy stay. Vergil needs Carthage to be genuinely tempting, because if it costs Aenēās nothing to leave, the choice at 6.2a means nothing.
The enemy Rome could not stop fearing
The informational text tells you Rome fought Carthage three times and destroyed the city in 146 BCE. It understates how frightened Rome was. In the second war, Hannibal brought an army over the Alps and stayed in Italy, undefeated in the field, for fifteen years. At Cannae he destroyed a Roman army so completely that Rome nearly ran out of soldiers. He never took the city, but Romans learned from him that Rome could lose, and they did not forget it. Long after Carthage was harmless, the senator Cato the Elder ended every speech, on any subject, with the same words: Carthāgō dēlenda est, Carthage must be destroyed. When Vergil makes a Trojan hero break a Carthaginian queen's heart, he is telling that old fear it was always fated to end in Rome's favor.
pius Aenēās
Vergil attaches one label to his hero again and again: pius. The word does not mean "nice," and "pious" misses most of it. Pietās is doing what you owe: to the gods, to your father, to your son, to the people who follow you. Romans put this virtue above every other.
The Dīdō story shows what it costs. Aenēās does not leave because he stops loving her; he leaves because a god names Italy as his duty, and the leaving destroys her. By every Roman standard he does the right thing, and the poem still gives Dīdō the most powerful speeches in it. Romans admired pietās and argued about its price at the same time. In 6.2b you will stand on the deck with Aenēās as smoke rises from the shore, and what you say to him will be your side of that argument. Make your case the way a Roman would.
ATTUNEMENT
Attunement, Episode 6.2
Preview each exercise, then copy it into your own Google Drive to complete it.
6.2.a - Sorting out Carthage
column sort · 14 items6.2.b - Every person, every past
imperfect, all persons · 14 items6.2.c - Proof from the text
locate the Latin · 9 items6.2.d - Reading Dīdō et Aenēās
interpretive reading · 4 levels6.2.e - Nobody wanted this war
character analysis · 6 figures + 36.2.f - Carthage, Rome, and duty
culturalia comprehension · 8 questionsMemorātiō
reflect · recall your pathVesuvius is still quiet. Use the time. Whose quarrel did you overhear in the cloud above Carthage, and what did each of the two want done with the Lapis? What did your team decide on the shore, and what did Aeneas ask you once the smoke went up behind the ships? What did the sailors say the Carthaginians had wanted from them? Note these in the memorātiō tab of your dossier.
You left a city burning behind you, and no one on that ship looked back for long.
